Therapeutics in Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a chronic and progressive pathology. While treatment approaches are inclusive of laser therapy and surgical interventions, common initial strategies involve implementing topical medication therapy. Pharmacists are at the forefront of this latter therapeutic approach. Epidemiologically, diagnoses of glaucoma are widespread. Tham et al (2014) have reported that more than 60 million individuals (40-80 years of age) are impacted by glaucoma, based upon 2013 data. This number is expected to approximate more than 110 million by the year 2040. The management of glaucoma is accomplished with an array of therapeutic classes (prostaglandin analogs, beta-antagonists, alpha-agonists, parasympathomimetics, hyperosmotic agents, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors). As medications in each of these categories are dispensed, it is imperative for pharmacists to differentiate between classes on the bases of clinical and adverse outcomes (IOP reduction potential, adverse effects). This level of recognition aids in therapeutic decision-making. Further, this program will address novel therapeutic categories for glaucoma management, inclusive of rho kinase inhibitors, adenosine receptor agonists, and modified prostaglandin analogs. Such information highlights potential future pharmacy practice considerations in treatment. Best practice goals, as defined by the American Academy of Ophthalmology, for primary open-angle glaucoma include intraocular pressure control and stabilization of the optic nerve and visual fields. Therapeutic options, as discussed, address the IOP management goal. The program intends to address elements of glaucoma pathology, clinical characteristics of drug classes for this indication, and potential therapeutic interventions. This level of information can be applied to drug class recommendations for prescribers and patient consultation. This program will include embedded assessment items and a clinical case study.

At the completion of this activity, the participant should be able to:

-Describe the pathological basis of glaucoma
-Identify novel therapeutic targets in glaucoma management
-Differentiate clinical characteristics among therapeutic classes used in glaucoma management

This activity is designed to meet the educational needs of licensed pharmacists in a variety of settings.

MCPHS University is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education as a provider of continuing pharmacy education.