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Thyroid Eye Disease Mastery: Multidisciplinary Approaches to Diagnosis and Treatment
Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease with widely varied signs and symptoms. It is believed to result from the stimulation of several receptors located in the orbital fibroblasts and is usually associated with hyperthyroidism. However, 5% of patients with TED have hypothyroidism, and 5% have no sign of thyroid disease; thus, it is frequently misdiagnosed. Misdiagnosis can place patients at risk for disfigurement and permanent vision loss, because treatment is most ef... |